Oracle | DBMS_BLOCKCHAIN

Oracle DBMS_BLOCKCHAIN_TABLE Version 26ai

General Information

Library Note

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Oracle Database 26ai will be available on generic Linux platforms in January and soon on AIX and Windows

Purpose

A blockchain table is an append-only table designed for centralized blockchain applications.

In an Oracle Blockchain Table, peers are database users who trust the database to maintain a tamper-resistant ledger which is implemented as a blockchain table,

A blockchain table is defined and managed by the application. Existing applications can protect against fraud without requiring a new infrastructure or programming model. And, although transaction throughput is lower than for a standard heap table, performance for a blockchain table is better than for a decentralized blockchain.

The DBMS_BLOCKCHAIN_TABLE package lets you do the following:

delete rows in a blockchain table that are beyond the row retention defined for the blockchain table
get the bytes that are input to the signature algorithm so you can sign a row you inserted into the blockchain table
get the bytes that are input to the cryptographic hash for a row so you can verify the hash in the row
sign a row you inserted into a blockchain table after the row is added to a chain in the blockchain table
have the database verify the hashes and signatures on some or all rows in a blockchain table

AUTHID CURRENT_USER

Constants

Name	Data Type	Value
Hashing Algorithmsl
HASH_ALGO_SHA2_256	NUMBER	1
HASH_ALGO_SHA2_384	NUMBER	2
HASH_ALGO_SHA2_512	NUMBER	3
HASH_ALGO_DEFAULT	NUMBER	3
Signing Algorithmsl
SIGN_ALGO_RSA_SHA2_256	NUMBER	1
SIGN_ALGO_RSA_SHA2_384	NUMBER	2
SIGN_ALGO_RSA_SHA2_512	NUMBER	3
SIGN_ALGO_DEFAULT	NUMBER	3

Dependencies

ALL_OBJECTS	DBMS_FLASHBACK_ARCHIVE	NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS
ALL_USERS	DBMS_LOB	ORABCTAB_ROW_ARRAY_T
DBMS_AQADM_LIB	DBMS_UTILITY	UTL_I18N
DBMS_ASSERT	DUAL	UTL_RAW
DBMS_BLOCKCHAIN_TABLE_LIB	KUPM$MCP

Documented Yes: Packages and Types Reference

Exceptions

Error Code	Reason
ORA-05720	<table_name> is not a blockchain table

First Available 20c

Pragma PRAGMA SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA(default, NONE);

Security Model Owned by SYS with EXECUTE granted to PUBLIC

Source {ORACLE_HOME}/rdbms/admin/dbmsbctab.sql
{ORACLE_HOME}/rdbms/admin/prvtbctab.plb

Subprograms

ADD_INTERVAL_PARTITIONING

BLOCKCHAIN_DML_NOREPL

COUNTERSIGN_ROW

COUNTERSIGN_ROW_SPECIFIED_BY_KEY_COLUMNS

DELETE_EXPIRED_ROWS

GET_BLOCKCHAIN_DIGEST

GET_BLOCKCHAIN_DIGEST_FOR_SELECTED_ROWS

GET_BYTES_FOR_ROW_HASH

GET_BYTES_FOR_ROW_HASH_SPECIFIED_BY_KEY _COLUMNS

GET_BYTES_FOR_ROW_SIGNATURE

GET_BYTES_FOR_ROW_SIGNATURE_SPECIFIED_BY _KEY_COLUMNS

GET_SIGNED_BLOCKCHAIN_DIGEST

GET_SIGNED_BLOCKCHAIN_DIGEST_FOR_SELECTED_ROWS

IMPORT_CHAIN

IMPORT_DROPPED

IMPORT_EPOCH

IMPORT_ROW_VERSION_VALUES

SIGN_ROW

SIGN_ROW_SPECIFIED_BY_KEY_COLUMNS

SIGN_ROW_SPECIFIED_BY_KEY_COLUMNS _WITH_COUNTERSIGNATURE

SIGN_ROW_WITH_COUNTERSIGNATURE

VERIFY_ROWS

VERIFY_TABLE_BLOCKCHAIN

VERIFY_USER_BLOCKCHAIN_ROWS

ADD_INTERVAL_PARTITIONING (new 23ai)

Adds internal partitioning to an existing, non-partitioned, V1 or V2 blockchain table dbms_blockchain_table.add_interval_partitioning( schema_name IN VARCHAR2, table_name IN VARCHAR2, interval_number IN NUMBER, interval_frequency IN VARCHAR2, first_high_timestamp IN TIMESTAMP);

TBD

BLOCKCHAIN_DML_NOREPL (new 23ai)

Undocumented dbms_blockchain_table.blockchain_dml_norepl;

exec dbms_blockchain_table.blockchain_dml_norepl;

COUNTERSIGN_ROW (new 23ai)

Procures a countersignature on a specified row in a blockchain table dbms_blockchain_table.countersign_row( schema_name IN VARCHAR2, table_name IN VARCHAR2, instance_id IN NUMBER, chain_id IN NUMBER, sequence_id IN NUMBER, countersignature_algo IN NUMBER DEFAULT sign_algo_default, countersignature_signed_bytes IN OUT BLOB, countersignature OUT RAW, countersignature_certificate_guid OUT RAW, countersignature_content_version IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT 'V2_DIGEST', pdb_guid IN RAW DEFAULT NULL);

TBD

COUNTERSIGN_ROW_SPECIFIED_BY_KEY_COLUMNS (new 23ai)

Uses, at most, 3 user columns, to identify exactly one blockchain table row and procures a countersign for that row dbms_blockchain_table.countersign_row_specified_by_key_columns( schema_name IN VARCHAR2, table_name IN VARCHAR2, keycol1_name IN VARCHAR2, keycol1_value IN VARCHAR2, keycol2_name IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL, keycol2_value IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL, keycol3_name IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL, keycol3_value IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL, countersignature_algo IN NUMBER DEFAULT SIGN_ALGO_DEFAULT, countersignature_signed_bytes IN OUT BLOB, countersignature OUT RAW, countersignature_certificate_guid OUT RAW, countersignature_content_version IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT 'V2_DIGEST', pdb_guid IN RAW DEFAULT NULL);

TBD

DELETE_EXPIRED_ROWS

Deletes rows outside the retention window created before before_timestamp if the time stamp is specified; otherwise, deletes all rows outside the retention window. dbms_blockchain_table.delete_expired_rows( schema_name IN VARCHAR2, table_name IN VARCHAR2, before_timestamp IN TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE DEFAULT NULL, number_of_rows_deleted OUT NUMBER);

DECLARE

       rowsDel NUMBER;

      BEGIN

        dbms_blockchain_table.delete_expired_rows('UWCLASS', 'LEDGER', NULL, rowsDel);

        dbms_output.put_line(TO_CHAR(rowsDel) || ' rows deleted');

      END;

      /

      8 rows deleted

GET_BLOCKCHAIN_DIGEST (new 23ai)

Undocumented dbms_blockchain_table.get_blockchain_digest( schema_name IN VARCHAR2, table_name IN VARCHAR2, digest_bytes IN OUT BLOB, digest_rows_indexes OUT orabctab_row_array_t, hash_algo IN NUMBER DEFAULT HASH_ALGO_DEFAULT) RETURN RAW;

TBD

GET_BLOCKCHAIN_DIGEST_FOR_SELECTED_ROWS (new 23ai)

Undocumented dbms_blockchain_table.get_blockchain_digest_for_selected_rows( schema_name IN VARCHAR2, table_name IN VARCHAR2, row_selector IN VARCHAR2, digest_bytes IN OUT BLOB, row_data_bytes IN OUT BLOB, digest_rows_indexes OUT orabctab_row_array_t, hash_algo IN NUMBER DEFAULT HASH_ALGO_DEFAULT) RETURN RAW;

TBD

GET_BYTES_FOR_ROW_HASH (new 23ai parameter)

Returns in row_data the bytes (series of {meta-data-value} {column-data-value} in column position order} for the particular row identified, followed by the hash (in data format) for previous row in the chain, in the data format supported. dbms_blockchain_table.get_bytes_for_row_hash( schema_name IN VARCHAR2, table_name IN VARCHAR2, instance_id IN NUMBER, chain_id IN NUMBER, sequence_id IN NUMBER, data_format IN NUMBER, row_data IN OUT BLOB, chain_name IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL, pdb_guid IN RAW DEFAULT NULL);

TBD

GET_BYTES_FOR_ROW_HASH_SPECIFIED_BY_KEY_COLUMNS (new 23ai)

Uses at most 3 columns to uniquely identify a row dbms_blockchain_table.get_bytes_for_row_hash_specified_by_key_columns( schema_name IN VARCHAR2, table_name IN VARCHAR2, data_format IN NUMBER, row_data IN OUT BLOB, chain_name IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL, keycol1_name IN VARCHAR2, keycol1_value IN VARCHAR2, keycol2_name IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL, keycol2_value IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL, keycol3_name IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL, keycol3_value IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL, pdb_guid IN RAW DEFAULT NULL);

TBD

GET_BYTES_FOR_ROW_SIGNATURE (new 23ai parameters)

Bytes returned are the bytes in the row hash. No metadata is included. dbms_blockchain_table.get_bytes_for_row_signature( schema_name IN VARCHAR2, table_name IN VARCHAR2, instance_id IN NUMBER, chain_id IN NUMBER, sequence_id IN NUMBER, data_format IN NUMBER, row_data IN OUT BLOB, pdb_guid IN RAW DEFAULT NULL, signature_type IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT 'USER');

TBD

GET_BYTES_FOR_ROW_SIGNATURE_SPECIFIED_BY _KEY_COLUMNS (new 23ai)

Uses at most 3 columns to uniquely identify a row dbms_blockchain_table.get_bytes_for_row_signature_specified_by_key_columns( schema_name IN VARCHAR2, table_name IN VARCHAR2, data_format IN NUMBER, row_data IN OUT BLOB, keycol1_name IN VARCHAR2, keycol1_value IN VARCHAR2, keycol2_name IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL, keycol2_value IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL, keycol3_name IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL, keycol3_value IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL, pdb_guid IN RAW DEFAULT NULL, signature_type IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT 'USER');

TBD

GET_SIGNED_BLOCKCHAIN_DIGEST (new 23ai parameters)

Generates the signed digest for a specified blockchain table using the table owner's private key stored in the database wallet dbms_blockchain_table.get_signed_blockchain_digest( schema_name IN VARCHAR2, table_name IN VARCHAR2, signed_bytes IN OUT BLOB, signed_rows_indexes OUT orabctab_row_array_t, schema_certificate_guid OUT RAW, signature_algo IN NUMBER DEFAULT sign_algo_default) RETURN RAW;

TBD

GET_SIGNED_BLOCKCHAIN_DIGEST_FOR_SELECTED_ROWS (new 23ai)

Undocumented dbms_blockchain_table.get_signed_blockchain_digest_for_selected_rows( schema_name IN VARCHAR2, table_name IN VARCHAR2, row_selector IN VARCHAR2, signed_bytes IN OUT BLOB, row_data_bytes IN OUT BLOB, signed_rows_indexes OUT orabctab_row_array_t, schema_certificate_guid OUT RAW, signature_algo IN NUMBER DEFAULT SIGN_ALGO_DEFAULT) RETURN RAW;

TBD

IMPORT_CHAIN (new 23ai parameters)

Undocumented dbms_blockchain_table.import_chain( schema_name IN VARCHAR2, table_name IN VARCHAR2, instance_id IN NUMBER, chain_id IN NUMBER, epoch_num IN NUMBER, hash IN RAW, min_seqnum IN NUMBER, max_seqnum IN NUMBER, last_ctime IN TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE DEFAULT SYSTIMESTAMP, pdb_guid IN RAW DEFAULT NULL, del_seqnum IN NUMBER DEFAULT NULL, del_hash IN RAW DEFAULT NULL);

TBD

IMPORT_DROPPED (new 23ai)

Undocumented dbms_blockchain_table.import_dropped( schema_name IN VARCHAR2, table_name IN VARCHAR2, drop_time IN TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE);

TBD

IMPORT_EPOCH (new 23ai parameters)

Undocumented dbms_blockchain_table.import_epoch( schema_name IN VARCHAR2, table_name IN VARCHAR2, epoch_num IN NUMBER, reason_id IN NUMBER, pdb_guid IN RAW, hash_algo IN NUMBER, hash_format IN NUMBER, is_last_epoch IN BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE, col_pos_max IN NUMBER DEFAULT NULL, col_pos_vec IN RAW DEFAULT NULL, start_time IN TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE DEFAULT SYSTIMESTAMP, delete_time IN TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE DEFAULT NULL);

TBD

IMPORT_ROW_VERSION_VALUES (new 23ai)

Undocumented dbms_blockchain_table.import_row_version_values( schema_name IN VARCHAR2, table_name IN VARCHAR2, pdb_guid IN RAW, row_version_name IN VARCHAR2, keycol1_value IN VARCHAR2, keycol2_value IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL, keycol3_value IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL, version_num IN NUMBER, hash IN RAW DEFAULT NULL, create_time IN TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE, inst_id IN NUMBER DEFAULT NULL, tran_id IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL);

TBD

SIGN_ROW (new 23ai parameter)

Provides a signature on row content of a previously inserted row. The user who inserted a row into a blockchain table is the only user that can sign the row. dbms_dbms_blockchain_table.sign_row( schema_name IN VARCHAR2, table_name IN VARCHAR2, instance_id IN NUMBER, chain_id IN NUMBER, sequence_id IN NUMBER, hash IN RAW DEFAULT NULL, signature IN RAW, certificate_guid IN RAW, signature_algo IN NUMBER, delegate IN BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE, pdb_guid IN RAW DEFAULT NULL);

TBD

SIGN_ROW_SPECIFIED_BY_KEY_COLUMNS (new 23ai)

Allows the current user to provide a signature on the row content of a previously inserted row dbms_blockchain_table.sign_row_specified_by_key_columns( schema_name IN VARCHAR2, table_name IN VARCHAR2, hash IN RAW DEFAULT NULL, signature IN RAW, certificate_guid IN RAW, signature_algo IN NUMBER, delegate IN BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE, keycol1_name IN VARCHAR2, keycol1_value IN VARCHAR2, keycol2_name IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL, keycol2_value IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL, keycol3_name IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL, keycol3_value IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL, pdb_guid IN RAW DEFAULT NULL);

TBD

SIGN_ROW_SPECIFIED_BY_KEY_COLUMNS_WITH_COUNTERSIGNATURE (new 23ai)

Uses at most 3 user columns names and values to uniquely identify a single row to sign and countersign dbms_blockchain_table.sign_row_specified_by_key_columns_with_countersignature( schema_name IN VARCHAR2, table_name IN VARCHAR2, hash IN RAW DEFAULT NULL, signature IN RAW, certificate_guid IN RAW, signature_algo IN NUMBER, delegate IN BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE, keycol1_name IN VARCHAR2, keycol1_value IN VARCHAR2, keycol2_name IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL, keycol2_value IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL, keycol3_name IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL, keycol3_value IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL, countersignature_algo IN NUMBER DEFAULT SIGN_ALGO_DEFAULT, countersignature_signed_bytes IN OUT BLOB, countersignature OUT RAW, countersignature_certificate_guid OUT RAW, countersignature_content_version IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT 'V2_DIGEST', pdb_guid IN RAW DEFAULT NULL);

TBD

SIGN_ROW_WITH_COUNTERSIGNATURE (new 23ai)

Allows a user to request a countersignature fro the database dbms_blockchain_table.sign_row_with_countersignature( schema_name IN VARCHAR2, table_name IN VARCHAR2, instance_id IN NUMBER, chain_id IN NUMBER, sequence_id IN NUMBER, hash IN RAW DEFAULT NULL, signature IN RAW, certificate_guid IN RAW, signature_algo IN NUMBER, delegate IN BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE, countersignature_algo IN NUMBER DEFAULT SIGN_ALGO_DEFAULT, countersignature_signed_bytes IN OUT BLOB, countersignature OUT RAW, countersignature_certificate_guid OUT RAW, countersignature_content_version IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT 'V2_DIGEST', pdb_guid IN RAW DEFAULT NULL);

TBD

VERIFY_ROWS (new 23ai parameters)

Verifies all rows on all applicable chains for integrity of HASH column value for rows created in the range of LOW_TIMESTAMP to HIGH_TIMESTAMP. Optionally verifies row signatures. dbms_blockchain_table.verify_rows( schema_name IN VARCHAR2, table_name IN VARCHAR2, low_timestamp IN TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE DEFAULT NULL, high_timestamp IN TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE DEFAULT NULL, instance_id IN NUMBER DEFAULT NULL, chain_id IN NUMBER DEFAULT NULL, number_of_rows_verified OUT NUMBER, verify_signature IN BOOLEAN DEFAULT TRUE, verify_delegate_signature IN BOOLEAN DEFAULT TRUE, verify_countersignature IN BOOLEAN DEFAULT TRUE, pdb_guid IN RAW DEFAULT NULL);

TBD

VERIFY_TABLE_BLOCKCHAIN

Verifies all rows with creation times between the minimum value for the row creation time from signed_buffer_previous and the maximum valuefor signed_buffer_latest and returns the number of successfully verified rows dbms_blockchain_table.verify_table_blockchain( bytes_latest IN BLOB DEFAULT NULL, bytes_previous IN BLOB DEFAULT NULL, number_of_rows_verified OUT NUMBER, verify_signature IN BOOLEAN DEFAULT TRUE, verify_delegate_signature IN BOOLEAN DEFAULT TRUE, verify_countersignature IN BOOLEAN DEFAULT TRUE, signed_bytes_latest IN BLOB DEFAULT NULL, signed_bytes_previous IN BLOB DEFAULT NULL);

TBD

VERIFY_USER_BLOCKCHAIN_ROWS (new 23ai)

Verifies row of one or more user chains when the user chains feature is enabled on the blockchain table dbms_blockchain_table.verify_user_blockchain_rows( schema_name IN VARCHAR2, table_name IN VARCHAR2, row_version_name IN VARCHAR2, number_of_rows_verified OUT NUMBER, keycol1_value IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL, keycol2_value IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL, keycol3_value IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL, low_timestamp IN TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE DEFAULT NULL, high_timestamp IN TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE DEFAULT NULL, verify_signature IN BOOLEAN DEFAULT TRUE, verify_delegate_signature IN BOOLEAN DEFAULT TRUE, verify_countersignature IN BOOLEAN DEFAULT TRUE, pdb_guid IN RAW DEFAULT NULL);

TBD